PAPANDAYAN MOUNT

Mount Papandayan is a complex stratovolcano, located in Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia. At the summit, there are four large craters, and it contains active fumarole fields. The 1772 eruption caused the northeast flank to collapse, producing a catastrophic debris avalanche that destroyed 40 villages and killed nearly 3000 people. It truncated the volcano into a broad shape with two peaks and a flat 1.1 km wide of Alun-Alun crater in the middle, making it look like a twin volcano. One of the peaks is called Papandayan and the other is Mount Puntang. Since 1772, only small phreatic eruptions had occurred prior to an explosive eruption that began in November 2002.

Mount Papandayan is a large composite volcano. It is constructed of alternating layers of lava and ash, and other fragmental volcanic rock debris formed by explosive eruptions over the past several hundred years. A large horseshoe-shape crater extended to the northeast resulting in an avalanche deposit consisted of intermixed volcanic debris and alternated rocks, with steep-sided crater walls. Numerous small vents within the crater, known as Kawah Mas, Kawah Baru, Kawah Nangklak, Kawah Manuk and many other with solfataras emitting smoke and hot fumes from its inner sides.

The Mount Papandayan area is a popular touristic area. Tourists can walk across the crater and view phenomena such as bubbling mud pools, steam vents and sulfur deposits. The bubbling yellow crater (Kawah Papandayan or "Papandayan Crater") is a popular sight. Above the crater is the elfin forest and several meadows with the Javanese edelweiss

A visit to Mt. Papandayan is one of the most spectacular outings to an active volcano you can make. Golden sulphur crystals, hissing steam, boiling mud and water, blue and black creeks, all set in a large crater with a commanding view over the Garut Plain make this outing an unforgettable experience.

Access to the mountain is easy with any vehicle. Public buses take you only to within 9 km of the crater, so you either have to walk the rest of the way or take an ojek (private motorbike with driver).

Though you can drive directly to the rim of the crater, keep in mind that your safety is not guaranteed—hot steam and boiling water and mud can scald you badly, and many of the sharp-edged rocks are rather loose. Do be careful.

There are two routes to Mt. Papandayan: one from the Garut area in the east and the other from the west via Pengalengan. Note that the two routes do not connect—not even a jeep can drive the 1 km across the crater.

from the east

The eastern approach from Garut is by far the easiest. Good roads take you right to the lower edge of the crater. Between Cipanas and Garut is the Tarogong roundabout, 42 km from the Cileunyi toll road exit. When you come from the north (Bandung or Cipanas), head toward Garut and Papandayan at the Tarogong roundabout. Half a kilometer past the roundabout, turn off to the right to bypass Garut and follow the Papandayan road sign. Continue on past the turnoffs to Kamojang (7km) and Darajat (9 km). Some 15 km from Tarogong the road connects with the main Garut-Cikajang road. After another 7 km, in Cisurupan, where the main road takes a sharp turn to the left, you go straight up the hill. From here it’s 9 km to the crater.

The road winds up the mountain, at times steeply, but is reasonably well surfaced and should not pose a problem for any car. At the car park, parking and admission fees are required.

Approaching Mt. Papandayan across the Garut Plain, you can see the horseshoe shaped crater with a gaping hole to the northeast. This open side resulted when, on 11 August 1772, a terrible eruption shook the mountain and the whole Garut area. What had once been a solid mountain flank exploded sideways across the Garut Plain.

papandayan-2Geologists estimate that several cubic kilometers, or several thousand million tons, of rock mass were blown out that night. If trucks were loaded with that mass and lined up bumper-to-bumper, they would encircle the earth three dozen times! Small wonder that more than 3,000 people lost their lives during that eruption.

From the car park it’s a 20-minute walk to the middle of the crater, and now you see why it is sometimes called the “Golden Crater’s its central part is a dome of yellow sulphur. Sulphur vapor hisses out of many small fissures in the dome to form columns visible from far away.

Shining yellow crystals of crystallized steam are everywhere, and in one place have collected to form a statue like figure more than 2 meters high. In earlier times local people channeled the steam through pipes to control this crystallization process to be used for commercial purposes. Be extremely careful not to step on one of these old brittle pipes, for it is likely to break and release scalding steam.

You may wish to take a few samples of sulphur with you as souvenirs, but it would be best to wrap them first sulphuric acid may form and burn holes in fabrics. Apart from sulphur deposits, boiling springs and streams flow in dark blue and gray colors. Be sure to avoid the soft patch- es of ground.

Through the open northwestern side of the crater a fantastic view stretches before you across the whole Garut Plain and as far as Mt. Ciremai near Cirebon, 80 km away The Mt. Papandayan crater is truly a visual feast.

from the west

The western route takes you to the upper crater rim through some memorable scenery. Be forewarned, how- ever, that long sections of the road are often in poor repair and only passable with a jeep. Public transportation is unreliable. You can drive up either the Cisangkuy Valley or the Citarum Valley to the village of Santosa and then on to Mt. Papandayan (see the relevant sections in “South of Bandung”). From Bandung you may need about four hours to reach the crater on this route.

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CIREMEI MOUNT

Mount Ciremai National Park is located in the province of West Java, Indonesia. Some endemic or endangered flora and fauna are being protected in this national park, such as Pinus merkusii, Castanopsis javanica, Fragraera blumii, Villubrunes rubescens, Macaranga denticulatan, Lithocarpus sundaicus, Elaeocarpus stipularis, Ardisia cymosa, Platea latifolia, Leopard, Javan Muntjac, Zaglossus bruijni[citation needed], Javan Surili, Javan Hawk-eagle and Python species.
Mount Ceremai is adminis tratively included in the three districts, namely Kabupaten Cirebon, Kuningan and Majalengka Regency, West Java Province. The geographical position of the peak is located at 6 ° 53 '30 "latitude and 108 ° 24' 00" east, with an altitude of 3078 m above sea level. This mountain is the highest mountain in West Java.
This mountain has a double crater. Western crater radius is truncated by a crater 400 m east of radius 600 m. At an altitude of about 2900 m on the southern slope there are ex-point eruption Gowa called Swallow.
Now G. Ciremei included in the National Park area of Mount Ciremei (TNGC), which has a total area of approximately 15,000 hectares.
The name is derived from the word mountain Ciremei (Phyllanthus acidus, a type of plant small shrubs with rada sour fruit), but it is often called Ciremei, a symptom hiperkorek due to the many place names in the region Pasundan that use the prefix 'ci-' for the naming of places.

Mount Ciremei including Quaternary active volcano, type A (ie, magmatic volcanoes is still active since 1600), and shaped strato. This mountain is a volcano solitary, separated by a Fault Zone Cilacap - Brass from the group of West Java volcanoes east (ie row Galunggung Mountain, Thunder Mountain, the volcano, Mount Patuha to Mount Tangkuban Boat) located in Bandung Zone.

Ceremai is the third generation volcano. The first generation is a Pleistocene volcano located next to G. Ciremei, as an advanced Plio-Pleistocene volcanism above Tertiary rocks. Volcanism second generation is Mount Gegerhalang, which before the collapse to form Gegerhalang Caldera. And volcanism third generation in Holocene time form of G. Ciremei that grows on the north side Gegerhalang Caldera, which is estimated to occur in about 7,000 years ago (Situmorang 1991).

Eruption G. Ciremei recorded since 1698 and the last time occurred in 1937 with the shortest rest interval of 3 years and the longest 112 years. Three eruptions in 1772, 1775 and 1805 occurred in the central crater, but did not cause significant damage. The eruption of sulfur steam and copy the new fumaroles at the center of the crater wall occurred in 1917 and 1924. On June 24, 1937 - January 7, 1938 freatik eruption in the central crater and radial cracks. Distribution of ash reached an area of 52.500 square km (Kusumadinata, 1971). In 1947, 1955 and 1973 tectonic earthquake that struck the southwestern G. Ciremei presumably related to the fault structure trending southeast - northwest. Genesis quake damaged several buildings in the area west of Maja and Talaga G. Ciremei occurred in 1990 and 2001. Tremors felt in the east to the Village Cilimus G. Ciremei.

The forests are still experienced at Mount Ceremai stay longer at the top. On the bottom, especially in areas which in the past managed as production forests Perhutanioffice, these forests have been converted to pine forest (Pinus), or shrubs, which are formed due to repeated fires and grazing. Now, most of the forests under the height... m above sea level. managed in the form of agro-forestry (agro forests) by the local community.

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IJEN MOUNT

The Ijen volcano complex is a group of stratovolcanoes, in East Java, Indonesia. It is inside a larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. The Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the highest point of that complex.

West of Gunung Merapi is the Ijen volcano, which has a one-kilometer-wide turquoise-colored acid crater lake. The lake is the site of a labor-intensive sulfur mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are carried by hand from the crater floor. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones forms an E-W-trending zone across the southern side of the caldera. The active crater at Kawah Ijen has an equivalent radius of 361 meters, a surface of 41 × 106 square meters. It is 200 meters deep and has a volume of 36 × 106 cubic meters. 

In 2008, explorer George Kourounis took a small rubber boat out onto the acid lake to measure its acidity. The pH of the sulfuric acid in the crater was measured to be 0.5.

An active vent at the edge of the lake is a source of elemental sulfur, and supports a mining operation. Escaping volcanic gasses are channeled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur. The sulfur, which is deep red in color when molten, pours slowly from the ends of these pipes and pools on the ground, turning bright yellow as it cools. The cooled material is broken into large pieces and carried out in baskets by the miners.

Typical loads range from 70–100 kilograms, and must be carried to the crater rim approximately 200 meters above before being carried several kilometers down the mountain. Most miners make this journey twice a day. The miners are paid by a nearby sugar refinery by the weight of sulfur transported; as of September 2010 the typical daily earnings were equivalent to approximately $13.00 US. The miners often use insufficient protection while working around the volcano and are susceptible to numerous respiratory complaints.

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BROMO MOUNT

Mount Bromo (Indonesian: Gunung Bromo), is an active volcano and part of the Tengger massif, in East Java, Indonesia. At 2,329 metres (7,641 ft) it is not the highest peak of the massif, but is the most well known. The massif area is one of the most visited tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia. The volcano belongs to the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The name of Bromo derived from Javanese pronunciation of Brahma, the Hindu creator god.

Mount Bromo sits in the middle of a vast plain called the "Sea of Sand" (Javanese: Segara Wedi or Indonesian: Lautan Pasir), a protected nature reserve since 1919. The typical way to visit Mount Bromo is from the nearby mountain village of Cemoro Lawang. From there it is possible to walk to the volcano in about 45 minutes, but it is also possible to take an organised jeep tour, which includes a stop at the viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan (2,770 m or 9,088 ft) (Indonesian: Gunung Penanjakan). The best views from Mount Bromo to the Sand Sea below and the surrounding volcanoes are at sunrise. The viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan can also be reached on foot in about two hours. From inside the caldera, sulfur is collected by workers.

On the fourteenth day of the Hindu festival of Yadnya Kasada, the Tenggerese people of Probolinggo, East Java, travel up the mountain in order to make offerings of fruit, rice, vegetables, flowers and sacrifices of livestock to the mountain gods by throwing them into the caldera of the volcano. The origin of the ritual lies in the 15th century legend where a princess named Roro Anteng started the principality of Tengger with her husband, Joko Seger. The couple were childless and therefore beseeched the assistance of the mountain gods. The gods granted them 24 children but stipulated that the 25th child, named Kesuma, must be thrown into the volcano as human sacrifice. The gods' request was implemented. The tradition of throwing sacrifices into the volcano to appease these ancient deities continues today and called Yadnya Kasada ceremony. Though fraught with danger, some locals risk climbing down into the crater in an attempt to recollect the sacrificed goods that believed could bring them good luck.

On the Segara Wedi sand plain sits a Hindu temple called Pura Luhur Poten. The temple holds a significant importance to the Tenggerese scatter across the mountainous villages such as Ngadisari, Wonokitri, Ngadas, Argosari, Ranu Prani, Ledok Ombo and Wonokerso. The temple organized annual Yadnya Kasada ceremony which lasts for about one month. On the 14th day, the Tenggerese will congregate at Pura Luhur Poten to ask for blessings from Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa and God of Mahameru (Mount Semeru). Then the mass will proceed along the crater edges of Mt Bromo where offerings will be thrown into the crater. The major difference between this temple with the Balinese ones are the type of stones and building materials. Pura Luhur Poten uses natural black stones from volcanoes nearby, while Balinese temples mostly made from red bricks. Inside this pura, there are several buildings and enclosures aligned in Mandala zone composition

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TELOMOYO MOUNT

Mount Telomoyo is a strato -volcano in Central Java, Indonesia. The volcano was constructed over the southern flank of the eroded Pleistocene-age Soropati volcano, which has a height of 1,300 metres (4,300 ft)[2]. The Soropati volcano collapsed during the Pleistocene, leaving a U-shaped depression. Mount Telomoyo grows on the southern side of the depression, reaching over 600 metres (2,000 ft) above the depression's rim.

This small mountain lies near Salatiga, to the north of the huge Merbabu mountain. It is very easy to ‘climb’ because there is a road to the communications towers at the summit. Apparently it is very popular with paragliders. Entry is via Dalangan village, which lies to the south of the mountain, and you can actually drive all the way to the very top. In clear weather the views of the higher mountains of Central Java are fabulous, although the summit itself is a jungle of radio masts and antennae!

From Dalangan village (approximately 1,300m), there is a rusty Telomoyo sign which points the way to metal gates at the base of the mountain. It costs a very reasonable Rp5,000 for entry (per vehicle) and the gates are open from 8am until 5pm daily. The road is very bumpy in places but a regular car should be able to manage it. The only problem would be if you meet another car coming in the opposite direction as there aren’t many places to pull over to one side! You could always get an ojek (motorcycle taxi) from the village – lots of teenagers ride up the mountain at weekends. Alternatively you could even walk up the road – although it is several kilometres long it is very pleasant and there is even a mini waterfall. It would take less than 2 hours on foot, perhaps 3 hours to climb and descend again.

The view from the road itself is spectacular – Merbabu, Gunung Andong (the small pyramid mountain across the valley), Sumbing and Sindoro. Indeed, the view is better from the road than from the actual summit itself which is covered in transmitters. At the top, you may need to ask one of the workers in the mast compound to open the gates so you can turn your vehicle around more easily. It takes about 30 minutes each way by motorbike or car from the entrance gates.

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TAMPOMAS MOUNT

Defined as the park attractions based on the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture. 423/Kpts/Um/7 / 1979 dated 5-7-1979 with an area of 1250 Ha According to government administration including District Cimalaka, Paseh, Conggeang, Buahdua and Tanjungkerta Sumedang District Tampomas Mountain is a mountain located in Area District intact Sumedang

Tofografi TWA region is mountainous with altitudes between 625-1684 masl According to Schmidt and Ferguson's classification of climate, including climate type B with an average annual rainfall is 3518 mm

Vegetation of this region including the type of mountain rain forest flora consists of a wide variety of woody trees and the types of classes liana and epiphyte Flora who dominate this region is Jamuju (Podocaipus imbricatus), Rasamala (Altingia excelsa) and Saninten (Castanea argentea) Several years ago the mountain was looted by the search Tampomas Bonsai plants. no half-hearted they are taking the truck every night Rich Mountain by the Bonsai, and in history without planted Thankful that in the northern part of the mountain that is in the area between Conggeang and Buahdua still preserved While in the south have been damaged by the excavation of sand.  Wild animals that live in this region is the hare (Tragullus javanicus), Forest Pig (Sus vitatus) Langur (Trachypfthecus auratus)

Also Java Tiger, tiger beetles, tiger Tutul, and mew Congkok Javan rhino is also thought to have lived in the mountain region Tampomas Cuman dear Now the beast - the beast, just stories from parents - parents first and several protected bird species such as Java Eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi)

Tourist attraction which attracts in the region of Mount Tampomas the summit of Mount Tampomas (Sangiang Taraje) with a height of ± 1684 masl and the top is an open area of ± 1 Ha This location has a high aesthetic value because of these places tourists can enjoy beautiful natural scenery to the Soil and its surroundings the crater holes and large rocks stained black to add richness to the beholder's imagination

In puncang there Tampomas Mount Cemetery Keramat is located ± 300 m towards the north peak Sangiang Taraje this place is better known by the name Pasarean and the moon - this place is crowded particular month visited the pejiarah from surrounding areas Sumedang

TWA Mount Tampomas currently managed by KPH Perhutanioffice Sumedang and number of facilities and infrastructure are still very minimal, there are currently only guardhouse, paths and postal ticket

Routes of travel to get to the location of Mountain Nature Park Tampomas: Bandung - Soil - Cibeureum Wetan - Cimalaka, as far as ± 53 km Cirebon - Duchy - Cibeureum Wetan ± 74 km From Cibeureum Wetan - Cimalaka to the location (entrance area) ± 6 km gravel road conditions

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FIVE MYSTERY MOUNT ARJUNO

Mt.Arjuno with elevations of 3,339 masl located in Malang, East Java. In this mountain many found relics of the former Kingdom of Majapahit in addition to a variety of attractions such as the location of the waterfall.  However, it is said to climb Mt.Arjuno it should be - careful, because according to local stories, many climbers are lost and can not go home again. And here are 5 mystery Mt.Arjuno.

1. RELICS

In Mt.Arjuno there are many sites - heritage sites and Singasari Majapahit Empire. Some of these relics, namely, relics Antaboga grandparent, grandparent Abiyasa, Ayang Sekutrem, Sakri grandparent, grandparent Semar, grandparent Sepilar Sri Makutharama and heritage.  However according to the myths circulating, the relics guarded by Bambang Wisanggeni who is the son of Arjuna with Bathari Dresanala. The relics of the ancients used to perform austerities.  People believe, people who perform these austerities disappeared (disappeared with his body). People - muksa people are believed to still be in place and keep the premises until an unknown time.

 2. LALI JIWO FOREST

Before reaching the summit of Mount Arjuno, there is a place called by the community as Lali Jiwo Alas means forest or forget themselves. According to local belief, people with malicious intent, if passing through the area will get lost and forget themselves.

According to the spiritual, the area was inhabited by the jinn. The climbers sometimes hear the sound of the orchestra and then disappeared. It is said that the climber was taken to be mated with the jinn of the area.  According to myth, the climbers also must not violate some restrictions, such as climbers should not be an odd number, should not be wearing red (dominant red color), and do not damage the site - the site is scattered relics of the Majapahit Kingdom in the area of the ascent of Mount Arjuna.

3. ARJUNA

It is said that Arjuna had done in a mountain hermitage fervently semala months - months. Then remove the light body and has tremendous power, to create a chaotic heaven.  Condrodimuko crater spewing lava, earth shaking, thunder boomed during the day, rain fell and caused a flood, and the mountain of Arjuna asceticism raised to the sky. The gods are concerned, then take action to stop the retreat of Arjuna.
Batara Ismaya then lowered to Earth transformed into Semar. With his power, cut off the top of the mountain where Semar Arjuna meditated and threw it to another place. Arjuna then awakened from his hermitage and receives advice from Semar not to retreat again. Then the hermitage called Mount Arjuna, and the cut was given the name of Mount Wukir.

4. DIENG MARKET

On the ascent to the summit region Mt.Arjuno, believed there Dieng market or so-called ghost market. In the area of Dieng market there is the tomb of the climbers who never died on the spot. Its area is flat and broad is the area that would make a market.

That said, there are climbers who never open the hood in the area of ​​Dieng market for overnight prior to the summit. At night, he was surprised by the bustling atmosphere outside the tent, and he saw a very crowded market.
The climber is rumored around the market and bought a jacket. Then he returned to the tent, and when he wakes up tomorrow morning; the area around his tent deserted no one else and no trace - the former market. Bought the jacket is still there, but his change is given by the market traders turn into leaves.

5. WELCOME EVENTS WEDDING

The mythical story of Mount Arjuna is often heard and has become the talk of the local community, such as the existence of chant music wedding greeter. The climbers or sulfur miners sometimes hear wedding greeter, the Javanese gamelan sound for weddings.
According to the people, when they hear the wedding greeter then it is better not to continue the climb to the summit of Mount Arjuna; because if it is forced to continue climbing the climber will usually get lost and disappear.

 

 

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